Pronoun:
In an indirect speech the pronoun changes according to the speaker whether he/she is referring himself/herself or a third person. We can make this clearer if we understand this with some examples:
Direct: Ankur said, “I cannot be with you.”
Indirect: Ankur said that he could not be with me.
Direct: I said, “Leave me alone”
Indirect: I ordered to leave me alone.
Direct: I told Mohan, “You should stay.”
Indirect: I told Mohan that he should stay.
Reporting Interrogative sentences:
I) If there is a yes-no question in the direct speech, then the reported speech will start with whether/if and the reported clause form will be (subject+verb).
Example:
Direct: Nitin said, “Are you from Mumbai?”
Indirect: Nitin asked if I was from Mumbai.
Direct: Punit asked, “Do you want to sit here?”
Indirect: Punit asked whether I wanted to sit there.
II) In indirect speech questions starting with who, whom, when, how, where and what the wh-word would be the subject or the object of the reported clause:
Example:
Direct: Prashant said, “Who will come with me?”
Indirect: Prashant asked who would go with him.
Direct: Parth said, “What will be the charges?”
Indirect: Parth inquired what the charges would be.
Reporting statement sentences:
In a statement speech, we will use ‘that’ before the reported statement and the reported verb will be ‘told’ (followed by an object) or ‘said’ (will not be followed by an object).
Example:
Direct: Makul said, “I like the book.”
Indirect: Nakul said that he liked the book.
Reporting imperative sentences:
We will use ‘to’ as joining clause before the reported command or request, and the reported verb will be changed according to the moods of the sentence (e.g., ordered, requested, urged, advised, forbade or begged)
Example:
Direct: The women said, “Please, bring me a chair.”
Indirect: The women requested to bring him a chair.
Reporting exclamatory sentences:
To change direct exclamatory speeches to the indirect one we need to replace interjection (hurrah, wow, alas, oh, etc.) with joining clause ‘that’ and the exclamatory wh-words (what, how) will be replaced by ‘very’ before the adjective in the reported clause.
Examples:
Direct: Tanya said, “Hurrah! Chennai Super kings won the match!”
Indirect: Tanya exclaimed with joy that Chennai Super kings had won the match.
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RULES FOR ALL TENSES
1. Simple present changes into simple past.
Ex. He said, "I work in an MNC".
He said that he worked in an MNC.
She said, "I love my family".
She said that she loved her family.
2. Present continous changes into past continous.
Mohan said, "I am waiting for my boss".
Mohan said that he was waiting for his boss.
Renuka said," Her friends are enjoying the meal".
Renuka said that her friends were enjoying the meal.
3. Present perfect chanses into past perfect.
The clark said," I have completed my work".
The clark said that he hd completed his work.
4. Present perfect continous changes into past perfect continous.
Raman said,"I have been writing this novel for past two years".
Raman said that he had been writing that novel for past two years.
5. Simple past changes into past perfect.
He said, "I started a business".
He said that he had started a business.
6. Past continous changes into past perfect continous.
She said, "I am going to the market".
She said that she had been going to the market.
7. No change in past perfect tense.
8. No change in past perfect continous change.
9. Simple future change- Will changes into would.
He said, " I will go th Mumbai".
He said that he would go to Mumbai.
10. Future continous- Will be changes into would be.
Monika said, " I will be driving my sports car".
Monika said that she would be driving her sports car.
11. Future perfect- Will have changes into would have.
He said, "I will have passed the exam."
He said that he would have passed the exam.
12. Future perfect continous- Will have been changes into would have been.
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